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OverviewA condenser microphone, often referred to as a capacitor microphone, is a type of microphone that utilizes an electrically-charged diaphragm to capture sound. Here's a detailed description of a condenser microphone: Diaphragm and Transducer Design: At the heart of a condenser microphone is a diaphragm—a thin, responsive membrane typically made of mylar or other lightweight materials. This diaphragm is placed very close to a backplate, creating a capacitor (or condenser) that can store an electrical charge. When sound waves hit the diaphragm, it vibrates, causing variations in the capacitance. These variations are then converted into an electrical signal by the microphone's internal circuitry. Electret Condenser Technology: Many condenser microphones incorporate electret condenser technology. In this design, the diaphragm is permanently charged (electret material), reducing the need for an external power source. This feature makes electret condenser microphones more compact and convenient for various applications.